30 Finding Research Projects Research projects can be one of two types: 1. Basic research intended to enhance basic knowledge about the physical, biological, psychological, or social world or to shed light on historical, cultural, or aesthetic phenomena. 2. Applied research intended to address issues that have immediate relevance to current practices, procedures, and policies; intended to human decision making about practical problems; occasionally address questions in one s immediate work environment (action research). 2-29
Practical Research Planning And Design 10th Edition Pdf
38 Paper-and-Pencil Approach to Identifying Subproblems 1. Copy the problem onto a sheet of paper, leaving considerable space between the lines. 2. Read the problem to discover the areas that require in-depth treatment before the problem can be resolved. 3. Make sure every subproblem contains a word that indicates the necessity to interpret the data within that particular subproblem (e.g., analyze, discover, compare). Underline this word. 4. Arrange the entire problem in a graphic organizer that will serve as a structure of the whole research design. 2-37
47 Why Identify Variables? Identification is helpful in choosing (a) an appropriate research design (b) an appropriate statistical analysis Note: identifying independent and dependent variables does not guarantee that the research data will support the existence of a cause-andeffect relationship. 2-46
CHAPTER 3 Research Design and Research Methods Overview This chapter uses an emphasis on research design to discuss qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods research as three major approaches to research
Comparison of Comparison of The following seven tables provide an annotated template to guide you through the comparison of research designs assignment in this course. These tables help you organize your
HOW TO CHOOSE FROM THE DIFFERENT RESEARCH METHODS* The design is the structure of any scientific work. It gives direction and systematizes the research. The method you choose will affect your results and
206 RESEARCH MET HODOLOGY Non-random/non-probability sampling designs in quantitative research N on-probability sampling designs do not follow the theory of probability in the choice of elements from the
Aim: The purpose of this pilot study was to determine the applicability, feasibility and practicality of a constructivist-grounded theory design to explore the perceptions of patient advocacy amongst Saudi Arabian Intensive Care Unit (ICU) nurses and to assess the effectiveness of the data collection methodology. Background: Patient advocacy for all patients in a critical care setting is essential as a component of patient safety. However, data, information and knowledge pertaining to Saudi Arabian ICU nurses' perceptions of patient advocacy in the critical care setting are currently non-existent. Methods: The pilot study used a constructionist-grounded theory approach with a purposive sample of five Saudi Arabian ICU nurses. The data were collected using single participant semi-structured interviews which were guided by the individual participant's responses. A reflective participant journal and a follow-up focus group interview were also employed. Results: The findings of the study confirmed that a constructivist-grounded theory design was a feasible and logical approach to explore the perceptions of patient advocacy amongst Saudi Arabian ICU nurses. It also highlighted important implications for all Saudi Arabian nurses and their indigenous patients, which would ultimately enhance patient outcomes and safety. The pilot study also validated the efficacy of the data collection strategies, with the participants' approval that data collection transpired without prompting or forcing the data by the researcher. Conclusions: As novice researcher, the pilot study provided a discerning introduction to grounded theory as a research methodology. It also confirmed that a grounded theory approach was apt to explore the perceptions of patient advocacy amongst Saudi Arabian ICU nurses, in addition to being an effective participant recruitment strategy and a data collection and analysis tool.
The staff were asked to fill in the questionnaire at the beginning of the morning shift and then give it back to the researcher. The researcher was present during filling of the questionnaire so that no data would be missed. Some of the staff had no information about a few of the items at all; the researcher first allowed them to fill the questionnaire and took it from them, and then provided the necessary explanations. As mentioned earlier, in the specific practical skills dimension, we assessed 11 separate fields of surgery each of which assessed one surgical specialty in a separate form. In single-specialty and double-specialty centers, we asked the staff to fill one of them according to their special working area in OR. In multi-specialty centers, as some staff may have worked in different surgical specialties in different days, we asked them to fill one related area they mostly worked in during a week. The completion of each questionnaire took 30 min.
In the present research, the mean score of clinical competence in the dimension of specialized practical skills was higher in single-specialty ORs than multi-specialty ORs. Given the fact that OR is a specialized environment, it is necessary for the staff to have a set of specialized knowledge and skills with regard to their field of study and the type of OR environment.[26] In a research conducted in Iran, the researchers compared the clinical competence of the staff in various wards including the OR, CCU, ICU, emergency department, and inpatient wards. It was indicated that the staff working in CCUs and the ICUs were clinically more competent than those working in the emergency departments and ORs.[24] As the samples of this study had been selected only from non-specialized ORs, where specialized, super-specialized, and minimally invasive surgeries would not be performed, this study would not be representative of all OR environments. Furthermore, in our country staff working in CCUs and ICUs have more educational facilities and more opportunity to enhance their learning and are also supervised more. However, the relationship between working in a specialized environment and the clinical competence score, like that of age and work experience variables, is highly context-dependent. Thus, in a research conducted in South Korea, the competence and performance of OR nurses increased in relation to age and work experience in both non-specialized and specialized ORs.[34] 2ff7e9595c
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